Minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel and copper are essential to building clean energy technology. Without them, there can be no solar panels, no electric vehicles, no wind turbines and no batteries.

As more sectors and countries invest in renewable energy and electric vehicles, along with artificial intelligence and data centers, the global appetite for these critical minerals has skyrocketed—and it’s only predicted to keep growing. Demand is expected to double by 2030 and triple by 2050, according to the International Energy Agency .

United Nations scientists warn that without the proper protocols in place, growing political tensions around minerals could quickly lead to conflict, threatening clean energy transitions around the globe. Yesterday, a group of academics from seven countri

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