While we probably encounter confusion every day, we might not realize just how much it encompasses and what happens in our brains when we experience it. So, to explore it a little bit more, we’ll start from the beginning.

Confusion, as an emotion, belongs to the knowledge emotion family. It’s a profoundly important family of emotions that is associated with learning, exploring, and reflecting. Along with confusion, other emotions belong to this family, like surprise, interest, and awe.

They’re called knowledge emotions because they are caused by knowledge and they foster knowledge. These emotions happen when people learn something unexpected that violates the information they believed to be true. The moment we learn something new, over time, it builds our knowledge about the world around

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