Over 2024 and 2025, the Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, in partnership with the DND Mobilizing Insights in Defence and Security (MINDS) program, hosted three virtual workshops with government officials, academic experts, and participants from the public and private sectors of Canada, the United States, and Europe. The insights gathered from these conversations helped inform this report, which assesses how these three critical arenas—geopolitics, climate change, and technological development—create challenges and opportunities for Canada’s national security.

Geopolitics is a significant driver of change in Canada’s threat landscape, especially for the DND and CAF. Geopolitics is a central element across the varied challenges facing Canada, whether those posed

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