Vanguard Group has added more than $1 trillion in customer assets, from stock-market gains and new investments, since Salim Ramji was named the first outsider to run the 50-year-old, Malvern, Pennsylvania-based investment giant last year.

But that kind of growth isn’t unusual at Vanguard, which has added $7 trillion in customer assets, in the mostly rising markets of the past eight years.

Ramji is the former fund chief at BlackRock, the only investment company bigger than Vanguard. He has re-committed the company to the virtues espoused by its late founder, Jack Bogle, who favored low-fee stock-index funds and plain-talk pitches for long-term investment, which fed Vanguard’s industry-leading growth.

Ramji’s entry was smoothed by the fact the top job was split three ways: longtime direct

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