President Donald Trump’s higher tariff rates of 10% to 50% on dozens of trading partners kicked in on Thursday, testing his strategy for shrinking US trade deficits without massive disruptions to global supply chains, higher inflation and stiff retaliation from trading partners.

US Customs and Border Protection agency began collecting the higher tariffs at 12:01 a.m. EDT after weeks of suspense over Trump’s final tariff rates and frantic negotiations with major trading partners that sought to lower them.

Goods loaded onto US-bound vessels and in transit before the midnight deadline can enter at lower prior tariff rates before October 5, according to a CBP notice to shippers issued this week. 4

Imports from many countries had previously been subject to a baseline 10% import duty

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