Overview of United States sanctions regime

Sanctions have emerged as strategic tools used by governments to advance their foreign policy objectives, enforce international law and norms, safeguard national security, and combat terrorism. By restricting trade, financial transactions, and technology transfers, sanctions apply economic pressure to influence the behaviour of targeted entities or nations.

Prior to 2001, sanctions were primarily imposed by the United Nations Security Council through a multilateral process and were aimed at maintaining international peace and addressing crimes against humanity. While unilateral sanctions did exist (such as those imposed by the United States (“ US ”) on Cuba (since the 1960s), Iran (from 1979), and North Korea (from the 1990s)), the use of such

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