On Ukraine's front lines, where Russian drones hunt from above and ambulances can't survive the journey, the "golden hour" of battlefield medicine the 60-minute window to get the wounded to advanced care is gone.
"There is no such term in our war," says an anesthesiologist with Ukraine's Azov Brigade. In some cases, wounded soldiers have waited not hours, but days or even weeks for evacuation.
To adapt, Azov's elite medics are reengineering how war medicine works. Their innovations include drone-delivered blood, battlefield transfusions performed in trenches, and rugged 4x4s turned into stealth medevacs.
Their first success came in a desperate moment: a soldier, hit in the neck by shrapnel, was bleeding out in a trench. Evacuation efforts had failed. Russian hunter-killer drones prowled