Ever since Shane Devon Tamura entered the Midtown Manhattan office building housing the NFL’s headquarters with a high-powered rifle, killing four people on July 28, John Orloff’s phone has been ringing more than usual.

“I hate the fact that my phone . . . rings after a tragic event,” Orloff says. It’s not the first time it’s happened. An operations leader at security risk consulting group Jensen Hughes, Orloff heard the same ringing after Luigi Mangione allegedly shot and killed UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson in December. “In December, [companies] were saying, ‘How do we protect our executives?’” Orloff says. “Today, it’s, ‘How do we protect our most important resource . . . our people?’”

Fast Company spoke to Orloff and other experts to understand how office building safety works.

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