TEL AVIV, Israel — Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faced criticism at home and abroad Friday after his office announced that the Israeli military would escalate its nearly 2-year-old campaign in the Gaza Strip by taking control of Gaza City, a move that would likely further endanger Palestinian civilians and Israeli hostages and deepen Israel’s international isolation.

The chorus of condemnation from long-standing European allies, Arab governments and the families of hostages held by militant groups in Gaza reflected Netanyahu’s intensifying clash with foreign nations and the supporters of hostages.

It laid bare Israel’s isolation as its government decides, against the advice of its military’s top command, to expand a war that has reduced cities to rubble, killed tens of thousands of P

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