As Japan approaches the 80th anniversary of its surrender in World War II on August 15, reflections on the lessons of history are becoming increasingly relevant. The conflict, which resulted in unprecedented loss of life, serves as a reminder of the consequences of militarism and aggression. However, as the ranks of Japanese veterans dwindle, so too does the collective memory of the war and the country's commitment to pacifism.

Recent reports indicate a growing sentiment in Japan that the world is becoming a more dangerous place. Japan's geographical proximity to China, Russia, and North Korea—countries with increasingly aggressive military postures—has sparked discussions about rearmament. Japan is located just 170 kilometers from China, 20 kilometers from Russia, and 280 kilometers from North Korea. This situation raises the question: Is Japan forgetting the lessons of its past, or is it simply responding to current geopolitical realities?

The current regional dynamics echo the alliances of the 1930s, when Japan was part of the Axis powers alongside Germany and Italy. Today, China boasts the world's largest navy and has made territorial claims over much of the South China Sea. Its military tactics have become more confrontational, even against non-threatening vessels. Additionally, China's support for Russia has reached unprecedented levels since the onset of the Ukraine conflict, further complicating the security landscape.

For decades, Japan has relied on the presence of U.S. military forces for its security. In 2022, Japan extended its security pact with the U.S. for another five years, committing $8 billion to host American troops and enhance military cooperation. However, Japan is now concerned about the U.S. distancing itself from its allies, which could undermine the security arrangements that have been in place since the end of World War II.

The situation is further complicated by Russia's ongoing military actions under President Vladimir Putin, who appears to disregard the historical lessons of the Second World War. With an estimated 1.5 million casualties in the current conflict, including a million Russians, the toll is staggering. Putin's approach suggests a different interpretation of history, one that may prioritize aggression over reflection.

In the Middle East, Israel's government is also facing criticism for its handling of security threats. Despite a history of military operations in Lebanon and a long occupation of Gaza, the threat from groups like Hezbollah and Hamas persists. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government is now considering a renewed military campaign in Gaza, despite doubts about its effectiveness in securing the release of hostages or achieving long-term stability.

As nations grapple with the lessons of history, the challenge remains: how to balance the need for security with the imperative to learn from the past. The evolving geopolitical landscape may force countries like Japan and Israel to confront uncomfortable truths about their military strategies and historical narratives.