(Reuters) -Startups worldwide are racing to develop new battery technologies using materials like sodium and sulfur or other innovative chemistries, aiming to cut costs and reduce reliance on some critical minerals to supply electric vehicles (EVs).

China controls 85% of the global battery cell production, and 90% of processing of raw materials used in two lithium-ion variants that dominate today’s EV market.

Battery technology is evolving fast, but the basic principle remains unchanged, with three key components – a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte.

As carmakers weigh long-term options, here is a look at the various battery types currently in use or under development.

LEAD

Used in existing 6 or 12 volt batteries to power car starters.

Pros: Cheap, works in extreme conditions.

C

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