Between navigating federal law, sampling wells, digging new ones, suing PFAS manufacturers and installing treatment systems, public water systems are devising solutions to lower PFAS levels below federal limits.

Scientifically known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the chemicals are found all over the world, even in some of the most remote areas.

“Everyone on the planet is already exposed,” said Dan Jones, who has been researching PFAS for 25 years. “We’re exposed at birth. We’re exposed from mother’s milk. We’re exposed from formula.”

Jones is a retired professor from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Michigan State University. He played a significant role in establishing the college’s PFAS analytical laboratory, which he oversees.

The chemicals tend to st

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