The annual Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has wound down in Tianjin with signals of a closer relationship among its members at a time when the world has been roiled by U.S. trade policies and tariffs.

The two-day event, attended by more than 20 leaders of non-Western countries, was seen as showcasing Beijing's ambition for a new global security and economic order that poses a challenge to the U.S.

In a thinly-veiled swipe at the U.S. President Donald Trump's global tariff campaign, Chinese President Xi Jinping told his counterparts in his opening speech Monday that the "shadows of Cold War mentality and bullying have not dissipated, with new challenges mounting."

The world has entered "a new phase of turbulence" with global governance at a "new crossroads," Xi said, calling

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