When Pennsylvania state Sen. Katie Muth toured a small data center in her suburban Philadelphia district this May, she was mostly impressed by what she found. It was quiet and impeccably clean—a largely unintrusive presence even in a wealthy enclave where some of the closest neighbors live in million-dollar homes. But in one corner of the facility, Muth found the source of growing concern in the state.

“The engineer that worked there showed us this cabinet farm that was kind of lightly shaking. It was very warm,” Muth said. “And he said it was an AI cabinet farm and that at certain times of the day, this sucker is just revving up.”

The copious amounts of power such AI servers require are already driving up energy bills for consumers in the state. Since her visit, Muth has announced plans

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