In just a few weeks, Israel will mark the second anniversary of the October 7 invasion by Hamas and the massacre that followed.

Despite two years of war, including ground operations and relentless airstrikes, Hamas remains in Gaza and the war drags on. Forty-eight hostages are still in captivity , including 20 believed to be alive.

And now Israel has launched another large-scale offensive — with ground forces moving into Gaza City , a week after targeting Hamas leaders in Doha — that the government claims could finally eliminate Hamas as both a military force and governing entity.

In our new book, “ While Israel Slept: How Hamas Surprised the Most Powerful Military in the Middle East ,” Amir Bohbot and I trace the path from Hamas’ creation in the 1980s through decades of Israeli

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