Water is a critical yet often underestimated component in the food supply chain, playing a significant role in both the propagation and prevention of foodborne illnesses. Contamination events frequently originate from water used during irrigation, processing, and preparation, where pathogens can infiltrate our food at multiple stages. Understanding these pathways and the emerging technologies designed to address them is essential for enhancing food safety globally.

Irrigation water, particularly from surface sources like rivers and ponds, is a well-documented vector for pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli. These microorganisms can colonize crops through contaminated water, leading to widespread outbreaks. The practice of using untreated or poorly managed water in agricultu

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