A federal judge in Florida on Friday dismissed President Donald J. Trump’s defamation lawsuit against The New York Times and others, ruling that the 85-page complaint was “improper and impermissible” under federal court rules and resembled a political manifesto more than a legal filing.

The lawsuit, filed earlier this week, sought $15 billion in damages from the newspaper, four of its reporters, and publisher Penguin Random House. It alleged that The Times disparaged Mr. Trump’s reputation as a businessman in a series of articles and books.

But US District Judge Steven D. Merryday sharply criticized the filing, saying it strayed far beyond the requirements of Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which mandates a “short and plain statement of the claim.”

“A complaint is

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