Tens of thousands of people protested on Monday across Italy as part of a day of action to "denounce the genocide in Gaza", which included transport strikes and port blockades.
The demonstrations came the same day as France and other countries prepared to recognise a Palestinian state at the United Nations General Assembly in New York, following recognition by the UK, Australia and Canada on Sunday.
Italy's hard-right government under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has said it will not recognise a Palestinian state for now.
In Rome, some 20,0000 people gathered in front of the main Termini train station, according to local police, many of them students, shouting "Free Palestine!" and holding up Palestinian flags.
Some had marched via the Colosseum, those at the front holding up a giant