Washington, DC [US], Oct 6: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance -or in lay tems they discovered how the immune system is kept in check.

The announcement was made on Monday by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden.

The trio–two based in the United States and one in Japan–was recognised for their “groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.” that prevents the immune system from harming the body.

This critical biological process helps the immune system distinguish between harmful invaders and the body’s own tissues, preventing autoimmune diseases.

Their research has paved the way for advances in treatin

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