STOCKHOLM —

The 2025 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to a trio of scientists – two of them American and one Japanese – for unraveling how the immune system protects us from thousands of different microbes trying to invade our bodies.

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi will share the prize "for their fundamental discoveries relating to peripheral immune tolerance," the Nobel Committee announced Monday at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden. Advertisement

The laureates identified "regulatory T cells," which function like the immune system’s security guards and prevent immune cells from attacking our own body, a cause of autoimmune diseases.

"Their discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do n

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