The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their work on how immune systems work in determining what should be attacked or protected. The prize was announced at the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, on Monday (October 6, 2025).

What is the research about?

The 2025 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine concerns the peripheral immune tolerance.

The peripheral immune system of the body includes the components of the immune system outside the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The prize-winning research identifies regulatory T (Treg) cells, which prevent immune cells from attacking the host body itself.

Shimon Sakaguchi

The primary w

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