A trio of scientists — two of them American and one Japanese — have won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance, a mechanism by which the body helps prevent itself from attacking its own tissues instead of foreign invaders. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi will share the prize for discoveries that "launched the field of peripheral tolerance, spurring the development of medical treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases,” the Nobel Assembly said in a news release. The trio will now share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor

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