In a landmark decision marking the first-ever conviction arising from a United Nations Security Council referral, the International Criminal Court (ICC) on October 7, 2025, convicted Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al Rahman — widely known as Ali Kushayb — for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the brutal Darfur conflict in 2003–2004. The ruling represents a pivotal moment in the pursuit of international justice and accountability.

First ICC Conviction from a UN Security Council Referral

Ali Kushayb, a former senior leader of the Janjaweed militia, was found guilty by the ICC Trial Chamber on multiple counts, including:

War crimes : rape, murder, cruel treatment, and attacking civilian populations;

Crimes against humanity : including persecution based on political, ethnic,

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