PARIS — France’s embattled prime minister, Sébastien Lecornu, resigned Monday, less than 24 hours after forming a Cabinet, catching the nation by surprise and making his government the shortest-lived in modern French history.

President Emmanuel Macron’s office said in a statement that he had accepted the resignation of Lecornu and of his ministers, which came amid turmoil over the composition of his Cabinet, an uneasy coalition of centrists and conservatives.

The resignation immediately ratcheted up pressure from opposition parties on the left and far right for Macron to call snap parliamentary elections or even resign. Other forces, such as the Socialist Party, argued that it was time for a left-wing prime minister to govern.

Lecornu, a close ally of Macron, was appointed less than a m

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