The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi for their work in the development of metal–organic frameworks.

The three scientists, who won the award on Wednesday, come from the universities of Kyoto in Japan, Melbourne in Australia and Berkeley in the US, respectively.

The three have created “molecular constructions with large spaces through which gases and other chemicals can flow,” read a statement from the Nobel Prize. Such constructions can be used to harvest water from desert air, capture carbon dioxide, store toxic gases or catalyse chemical reactions, it added.

“Metal-organic frameworks have enormous potential, bringing previously unforeseen opportunities for custom-made materials with ne

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