USA: A large multicenter randomized clinical trial has found that administering budesonide mixed with surfactant did not reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death in extremely preterm infants when compared with surfactant therapy alone. The study, known as the Budesonide in Babies (BiB) trial, was published in JAMA and provides important new insights into the management of respiratory complications in premature newborns. Conducted across 17 centers in the United States Neonatal Research Network, the trial enrolled 641 infants born between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation or weighing 401 to 1000 grams at birth. The study aimed to determine whether early intratracheal administration of budesonide (0.25 mg/kg) combined with surfactant could lower the incidence of ph

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