Researchers have found in a new study that targeted indoor residual spraying reduced mosquito levels but did not significantly decrease Aedes-borne disease cases. The study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine by Natalie E. and colleagues. Aedes aegypti is a key vector transmitting these viral diseases, and population control remains an important challenge in the tropics. The research sought to assess whether the spraying of insecticides on targeted resting sites for mosquitoes within homes would be more effective in preventing infection than traditional public health practice.

The trial was a two-group, parallel, unblinded, cluster-randomized trial done in Mérida, Mexico. Fifty clusters of five-by-five city blocks were used in the trial. Within these clusters, 4,461 chi

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