A new joint study by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and consulting firm Oliver Wyman warns that ongoing supply chain constraints could add more than $11.3 billion to global airline costs in 2025. The report, Reviving the Commercial Aircraft Supply Chain, attributes the increase to a combination of higher maintenance expenses, longer engine shop visits and the operation of older aircraft.

The study said that roughly $4.2 billion of these cost increases are linked to excess fuel burn from aging fleets, $3.1 billion to additional maintenance, $2.6 billion to higher engine leasing tied to delayed overhauls, and $1.4 billion to surplus inventory costs. With a record backlog of more than 17,000 aircraft in 2024 and fewer deliveries than before the pandemic—1,226 compared to

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