Northlines
By Ravi Rohmetra
Bharat Ratna Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, popularly referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on 15th October 1931 into a Tamil Muslim family to Jainulabdeen, a boat owner, and Ashiamma, a homemaker, at Rameswaram in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Coming from a humble background, Kalam began working at an early age to supplement his family’s income. After completing school, he distributed newspapers to financially contribute to his father’s earnings. In his school years, he had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student with a deep desire to learn. He spent hours studying, particularly in mathematics.
After completing his sch
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