India’s food security infrastructure, among the largest in the world, currently serves over 81 crore people, combining nutritional access with technological transparency to ensure no one is left behind. Backed by several flagship schemes, the system is undergoing continuous reform to shift from food availability to nutritional equity.

The government’s strategy integrates multiple schemes under a unified objective — ensuring the availability of affordable, fortified food grains while modernizing the public distribution system through digitization.

Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, beneficiaries are entitled to subsidized — now free — food grains. Each Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) household receives 35 kg of grains monthly, while individuals in Priority Households (PHH) are

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