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The Forgotten Beginning of the End of History

Alexandre Kojève was one of the most influential 20th-century thinkers. How can we make sense of him today? October 17, 2025, 2:00 PM Comment icon View Comments ( )

In 1989, political scientist Francis Fukuyama published an essay in the National Interest arguing that the collapse of the Soviet Union and growing U.S. influence in China might signal the final form of human government—namely, the combination of Western liberal democracy and state capitalism. He called this “the end of history,” a term that has since become a byword for the neoliberal era that may now be nearing its end. But Fukuyama did not coin the term. He got i

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