Russian Oil Import: In the wake of tightening global sanctions on Moscow, India devised a method to bring in discounted Russian crude oil without breaching international law or raising costs at home. The operation, carried out in international waters near the Gulf of Oman, saw Indian-linked tankers conduct discreet ship-to-ship (STS) transfers to secure the affordable energy supply.

Recent satellite imagery reviewed by maritime analysts showed Indian-bound crude being transferred mid-sea between tankers near the Persian Gulf, far beyond any country’s territorial limits. Valued at nearly $280 million between July and September, the shipments were traced from Russia’s northern ports and later offloaded at a western Indian terminal connected to the Guru Gobind Singh Refinery in Punjab.

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