Pakistan, whose 80% of agriculture depends on water from the Indus basin, is facing acute risks of water shortages as India has the ability to change the flow of the Indus River within its technical capacity, revealed the Ecological Threat Report 2025.

The report by the Sydney-based non-profit Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) comes months after India placed the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960 in abeyance following the Pahalgam attack in April, carried out by Pakistani terrorists . By holding the treaty in abeyance, India is currently not bound by its water-sharing obligations under the IWT. Under the 1960 agreement, India had consented to share the waters of the western rivers, the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab, with Pakistan, while retaining control over the eastern rivers,

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