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Ethan Murray , University of Colorado Boulder

(THE CONVERSATION) Hurricane Melissa grew into one of the most powerful Atlantic tropical cyclones in recorded history on Oct. 28, 2025, hitting western Jamaica with 185 mph sustained winds . The Category 5 hurricane blew roofs off buildings and knocked down power lines, its torrential rainfall generated mudslides and flash flooding, and its storm surge inundated coastal areas .

Melissa had been wobbling south of the island for days, quickly gaining strength over the hot Caribbean Sea , before taking a sharp turn to the northeast that morning.

As a hurricane researcher , I work with colleagues at NOAA’s Atlantic O

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