India’s growing demand for critical minerals is becoming a key factor in its pursuit of 50% decarbonisation by 2030 and its ambition for a Viksit Bharat by 2047. These minerals are essential for expanding clean energy technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.

A new paper by former Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai, titled “India’s Mineral Requirements in a World of Economic and Geopolitical Transition,” and published by the Centre for Social and Economic Progress, underscores the urgency of addressing India’s dependency on mineral imports. According to Mathai, sourcing more minerals domestically could save the country over US$100 billion annually in import costs.

The paper highlights that India’s mining sector remains underdeveloped, w

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