Published on : 03 Nov 2025, 3:00 pm

As the world prepares for the 30th Conference of Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Belém — the first climate summit to be hosted deep in the Amazon and a symbolic 10-year mark since the Paris Agreement, Brazil, the world’s fifth-largest emitter, celebrates its sharpest fall in greenhouse gas emissions in 16 years — a 17 per cent drop in 2024 — largely due to reduced deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado. But even as the country pitches a Tropical Forest Forever Fund, an idea President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva first presented at COP28 in Dubai, to finance forest protection, environmental groups warn that its simultaneous oil expansion plans risk undermining those very gains.

For India, the Amazon sum

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