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Antisemitism — hatred of Jews because they are Jews — is sometimes referred to as "the ancient evil," because it is indeed ancient, dating at least to the third century BC in Hellenistic Egypt. The Greeks and the Romans were both suspicious of Jewish communities of the ancient world simply because they refused to adopt the religious and social customs of their conquerors, and the rulers especially resented the strict monotheism of the Jews.

As a people "set apart," the Jews maintained their communities according to the rules of their faith and were persecuted as a consequence by the dominant powers and empires.

At least three times, the Jewish people were carried away en masse as captives and slaves: the Assyrian captivi

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