Minister of Finance Francois-Philippe Champagne shakes hands with Prime Minister Mark Carney at the conclusion of his speech after tabling the federal budget in the House of Commons on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada November 4, 2025. REUTERS/Blair Gable

By Maria Cheng

OTTAWA (Reuters) -Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney promised his first budget would be a bold blueprint for "generational investments," to bolster the economy and withstand a trade war with the U.S., but to some analysts Tuesday's document was a missed opportunity.

The budget, they said, ended up falling short on ambition, constrained in part by the reality of leading a minority government that relies on political rivals to survive.

"This isn't a generational budget," said Theo Argitis, senior vice president for policy at the Business Council of Canada. "It goes in the right direction on some fronts, but I think Carney was not as ambitious as he could have been."

Argitis said there was not enough that might speed private investment at the scale necessary for significant growth.

"If you're looking to transform the economy, this budget is not going to do it," he said.

CANADA ECONOMY FACES SLOW GROWTH, U.S. TARIFFS

Canada is grappling with slow economic growth and the impact of tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump.

Carney, saying the tariffs and the uncertainty they had created would cost around 1.8% of GDP, on Wednesday pushed back against the idea he had been too cautious.

"This budget is a sea change in the approach for the government," he told reporters, noting a pledge to slash the pace of official spending and what he called unprecedented changes to the tax system to boost business investment.

But while increasing numbers of Canadians struggle to put food on the table, Carney is not necessarily the politician they blame, said Elizabeth McCallion, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Toronto.

"Canadians know there are many things beyond Carney's control," she said. "They're more angry at Donald Trump than they are at Carney."

Without enough seats in his minority government to pass the budget, Carney will likely rely on the small, left-leaning New Democratic Party, which has just seven legislators, little money and no permanent leader.

If they simply abstain from the budget vote, expected after November 17, Carney's government will pull through.

"This budget won't trigger an election unless someone trips into it. No party should want to go now. Not even the Liberals. And voters? They are poised to punish anyone who tries," said pollster Darrell Bricker, Global CEO of Ipsos Public Affairs .

A Nanos Research poll this week found Carney was the preferred prime minister for nearly half of Canadians, versus 27% for Pierre Poilievre, leader of the official opposition Conservative Party.

The New Democrats welcomed some proposed measures, such as infrastructure spending tied to union jobs, but said cuts in the public sector workforce and other provisions were "a step in the wrong direction."

BUDGET COMMITS TO NEW INFRASTRUCTURE, SPENDING CUTS

The budget commits to spending C$280 billion (US$200 billion) over five years to build new infrastructure while cutting C$60 billion in government spending.

Another contentious issue is the proposed deficit, which Ottawa estimated at C$78 billion for the next fiscal year, or more than double last year's deficit. It would drop to C$57 billion by 2030.

Poilievre had previously laid out several key budget demands, including keeping the deficit below C$42 billion.

Poilievre on Tuesday also criticized the budget for keeping the taxes on groceries, work, energy and homebuilding.

But one Conservative legislator, Chris D'Entremont of Nova Scotia's Acadie-Annapolis district, appeared convinced. He announced on Tuesday he had joined Carney's Liberals, although the government will still be left with a minority. Political defections in Canada are relatively rare.

Robert Asselin, who once served as an adviser to Liberal ministers and now heads an organization of research universities, said Carney could have spent much more to drive growth but that would likely have resulted in a deficit beyond C$100 billion.

Drew Fagan, a visiting professor at Yale University who specializes in global affairs, added: "You cannot simply turn around the world's 10th largest economy with one budget."

($1 = 1.4024 Canadian dollars)

(Additional reporting by David Ljunggren;Editing by Caroline Stauffer, Edmund Klamann and Andrea Ricci )