Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions are common in neonates and infants. These may include Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Other important conditions are stress-related gastrointestinal injury and upper GI bleeding, particularly in infants admitted to intensive care. Such disorders require prompt intervention and emphasize the importance of gastric acid-reducing medications (ARMs), particularly H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), which have become an essential component of pediatric gastroenterology care.

GER is a self-limiting condition in infants with symptoms like regurgitation, vomiting, cough, choking, hiccups, and irritability, usually resolving by 6–12 months. GERD is the more severe form, difficult to distinguish from GER due to overlapping symptoms

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