Pakistan’s top naval official has confirmed that the first batch of Chinese-built Hangor-class submarines will soon enter service, a move analysts say could test India’s dominance in the Indian Ocean and marks a major technical milestone for Beijing.

Admiral Naveed Ashraf, Chief of Naval Staff, told that the conventionally powered attack submarines, co-developed by China and Pakistan, are expected to join the Pakistan Navy next year.

“The submarine programme is progressing smoothly,” Ashraf said. He highlighted the vessels’ role in boosting Pakistan’s submarine capabilities, fostering “self-reliance through transfer of technology and skill development,” and reflecting close Sino-Pakistani collaboration on naval equipment.

Ashraf added that Chinese-origin platforms have been reliable, te

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