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The world’s biggest annual climate meeting, the 30th Conference of the Parties, or COP30 , begins today in Belém, Brazil. 33 years after the first UN climate treaty was signed at the Rio Earth Summit, the conference returns to Brazilian soil amid record heat, rising emissions, and growing scepticism over global climate commitments.

The two-week summit, running from 10 to 21 November, will test whether governments can turn past promises into concrete action. Here’s what to expect from this year’s talks.

What Is COP30 And Why Does It Matter?

Every year, the 198 member countries of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meet to coordinate their response to global warming. Each meeting is called a COP, short for Conference of the Parties. The treat

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