The U.S. Supreme Court is stepping into a growing national clash over transgender athletes and state laws that restrict sports participation based on biological sex. This term, justices will hear two cases from Idaho and West Virginia that could reshape how schools nationwide balance fairness and inclusion in athletics.

The central question is whether state bans violate federal protections, including the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title IX. Supporters say the laws protect fairness and safety in girls' and women's competition. Opponents argue they discriminate against transgender students and deny them equal opportunities.

Idaho became the first state in the country to pass a law in 2020 requiring athletes to compete according to their biological sex. The lega

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