In the shadow of the 2020 election, a storm of distrust has swept across America’s electoral landscape. From cries of “fraud” on the right to accusations of “suppression” on the left, the faith that once bound citizens to the democratic process has been fraying with each new headline.

This loss of confidence in elections is not just a fringe concern for academics — if citizens don’t believe in their fairness, our entire system of democracy can collapse. In a nation built on the principle that the people’s will governs, preserving confidence in elections is the cornerstone of a stable and legitimate democracy.

However, distrust is almost entirely disconnected from the facts. By any standard, fraud in American elections is rare; certainly not near enough to influence a presidential electio

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