Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects how the body regulates blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is the main source of energy for cells, and its uptake depends on insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. When insulin production is insufficient or the body cannot use insulin effectively, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. Persistently elevated blood sugar can damage vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves, causing serious long-term complications. According to the World Health Organisation, millions of people worldwide live with diabetes, and its prevalence continues to rise. Understanding the types, causes, and risks of diabetes is crucial for effective prevention and management. Diabetes is primarily classified in

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