The program allocated $380 million for reintegration aid, yet returnees report receiving no job training, medical care, or business support as promised.

Abandoned by promised assistance and burdened by debt, some returning migrants say desperation could push them toward attempting dangerous migration routes again.

CONAKRY, Guinea — When Oumar Bella Diallo boarded a plane home to the West African nation of Guinea in July, the weary 24-year-old thought his migration ordeal was over.

He had spent almost a year trying to reach Europe. He said he was attacked by police and scammed for money as he crossed Mali, Algeria and Niger, at one point limping past corpses in the desert. After seeing fellow migrants die from hunger and exhaustion, he gave up.

He is among tens of thousands of African

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