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Labour reforms in developing nations have played a crucial role in fostering inclusive growth and formal employment. It has been particularly evident in countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia, and Brazil, where the 2019 Labour Code, 2020 Omnibus Law, and 2017 Labour Reform, respectively, have modernised labour markets, attracted investment, and enhanced productivity (World Bank, 2023; OECD, 2022; ILO, 2021). The 2019 labour amendments in Mexico enhanced trade compliance and elevated worker rights (IMF, 2022). Collectively, these reforms demonstrate that well-structured labour policies in developing economies can enhance competitiveness, promote formalisation, and ensure equitable growth, objectives that align closely with India’s current reform trajectory.

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