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India today stands at a defining juncture in its pursuit of technological and economic sovereignty. With vast reserves of rare earth elements (REEs), thorium, niobium, and other critical minerals, the nation is uniquely positioned to transform its mineral wealth into the backbone of defence, clean energy, electronics, and advanced manufacturing.
These strategic resources, often described as the “vitamins of modern industry", power the technologies shaping the future: semiconductors, electric vehicles, wind turbines, precision instruments, and aerospace systems. Harnessing them effectively could propel India into the league of nations that dominate the 21st-century industrial economy.
Abundant Reserves, Limited Extraction
• India has about 8.52 million tonnes of

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