Leaders at the G20 Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa adopted a joint declaration by consensus, despite US opposition. The Declaration emphasized that solidarity, equality, and sustainability are essential pillars of inclusive global growth. The 39-page document highlighted energy security, climate action, and disaster resilience while acknowledging rising geopolitical tensions, conflicts, and deepening inequality as threats to economic stability. The Declaration stressed multilateral cooperation, adherence to international law, and peaceful dispute resolution, implicitly referencing nations involved in territorial conflicts. It called for respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and highlighted the vulnerabilities of Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries

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