The compromise that ended the COP30 summit in Belem was one that left many nations ill at ease. Nearly 200 countries, after days of tense discussions, agreed to a climate deal that avoided the one demand dominating the talks on a clear path to phasing out fossil fuels.

The outcome underlined a big divide between ambition and political reality with the United States staying away and President Donald Trump refusing to attend. What emerged was an agreement long on encouragement but short on obligation.

EU Push for Stronger Commitments Falls Short

The European Union had arrived in Brazil determined to secure a firm commitment from countries to scale down oil, gas and coal. Instead, negotiators were left accepting language far softer than they had pushed for.

The final document merely calls

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