UNESCO has voiced deep concern over intensifying clashes between Cambodia and Thailand, including renewed violence near the Preah Vihear Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the region's most revered ancient Hindu temple.

In a statement, UNESCO raised urgent protection concerns of cultural heritage in "all its forms" and reminded both nations of their obligations under the 1954 Hague Convention and the 1972 World Heritage Convention. "UNESCO will continue to monitor the situation of cultural heritage in the region, with a view to ensuring its protection," it said, adding that it is prepared to offer technical support and emergency safeguarding measures "as soon as conditions allow".

Hostilities flared on December 10 with reports of artillery and rocket attacks along the border

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